Core banking system is a fundamental solution for the centralized core  of  banking business, the main solution to centralize all data and critical processes. So that the changes create new services, responding to customer needs and also provides the necessary information to better manage organization in less time and with most Accuracy. But, implementation and deployment in bank faces with serious challenges.  This Thesis also outlines the dimensions and angles of the banking system, establish Obstacles of this system in Sepah Bank were discussed. the main obstacles classified to four financial, technological, social / cultural and managerial. And the effectiveness of each system was investigated. this research done at the 150 community levels involved in deploying a Core banking, including Sepah Bank, Bank Subsidiaries and contracted personnel. A questionnaire with 26 questions was distributed among 85 cases of which 60 were full questionnaire. Questions were designed on the basis of the whole five-point Likert situation. According to prove normal distribution of data T-parametric tests were used to prove the hypothesis. The results showed that technological and managerial factors in the establishment of a Core banking system are more effective at Sepah Bank, in priority. However, the influence of social / cultural and financial establishment of a Core system of banking in Bank Sepah was not proved.

Background: In ethical banking, social responsibility is important and customers' money is not used to finance something that can have a negative impact on society. One of the dimensions of social responsibility is to pay attention to the environment. Considering the importance of this, the aim of this research is to provide a green banking model in the banking system. Method: The current research was applied, qualitative and descriptive-survey research. The statistical population was the managers (experts) of the country's banking system, 22 of whom were considered as samples using snowball sampling and after theoretical saturation. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using the coding method and MAXQDA software. Results: 127 primary codes were identified for green banking, which were classified into 15 core categories, and finally the green banking model was compiled by selective coding. Conclusion: In the final model, the central category included management measures and environmental protection under the influence of a series of causal factors including: marketing, the use of new and electronic technologies, governmental support and upstream laws and documents, which are based on individual factors, organizational factors and international factors were formed. The strategies include extra-organizational factors, including the review and review of upstream documents and culture building with two sections, subjects and agents. Internal factors included the creation and implementation of necessary changes. Intervening factors include extra-organizational and intra-organizational factors, each of which is divided into different sub-dimensions. And finally, the consequences were placed in two external and internal organizational dimensions

1Global concerns about climate change have increasingly drawn the attention of the banking industry to environmental performance. In this context, the concept of Green Banking has emerged as a key strategy for mitigating negative environmental impacts and promoting investment in sustainable development projects. Given its central role in achieving environmental sustainability, green banking has become one of the main priorities in the policies of financial institutions. This study aims to evaluate the environmental performance of banks in the context of sustainable development. The research employs an analytical-descriptive method based on content analysis, combined with semi-structured interviews with 25 experts in the fields of economics, banking, and environmental science. Additionally, Expert Choice 11 software was used to support the analysis. The study focuses on both domestic banks (Parsian Bank, Tejarat Bank, Mellat Bank, Cooperatives Development Bank, and especially Bank Melli Iran) and international banks (Triodos Bank, NatWest, BNP Paribas, and GLS Bank). The findings indicate that by adopting green strategies and advancing sustainable financial services, Bank Melli can not only enhance its environmental performance but also attract new customers and boost its brand reputation. This requires the development of systems for assessing the risk of environmental project performance, allocating resources to green projects, and designing and offering green financial products. Furthermore, collaboration with other institutions and non-governmental organizations can significantly contribute to the promotion of green banking and foster innovation within the industry. Ultimately, this research offers recommendations to strengthen Bank Melli's role in environmental preservation and advance sustainable development goals.

Nowadays cities benefit from two geographical (natural, social, and economical environments) and artificial (man-made environment, and architecture) symbols. Mankind has always been trying to change these two symbols for the sake of his daily activities or earning his life and establishing a dwelling both as an interest and as a shelter. During this process green areas, jungles, and gardens have been changed into skyscrapers and buildings. Bricks, cement, and metallic plates have replaced for attractive views of nature. Today’s citizens have a sad feeling while they see that they have fallen far from the beauties and quietness of nature.To solve this problem, industrialists have developed the green roof technology. Urban planners and architects use it as a ‘back to nature’ process. Green roof is a method to convert the rough, dry, and cold parts of the city into green spots. Besides green roofs can create micro-climatic zones which reduce pollution and improve the living conditions of the citizens.This process is highly advantageous for cities like Tehran which is located in a 730 sq. km. of land delimited by mountains and deserts.67.9 percent of the city is occupied by buildings and about thirteen million people live in this city. Green roofs are good means for reducing these problems of Tehran.

In response to the expansion of green banking and the emergence of the metaverse, this study investigates digital marketing opportunities enabled by non‑fungible tokens (NFTs) and green digital assets. This research addresses a critical gap in the literature concerning the integration of green banking with metaverse environments, blockchain technology, and NFTs. The study aims to develop a conceptual framework for leveraging green NFTs in banking, enhancing customer engagement, fostering trust through blockchain-based transparency, promoting sustainability, and identifying security and regulatory challenges. The central research question is: How can banks utilize green NFTs within the metaverse to design sustainable digital marketing strategies? Adopting an exploratory qualitative approach, the study employs thematic analysis within an interpretive research paradigm. The research population comprises experts in business management, digital marketing, and blockchain— including faculty members from universities such as Mazandaran and Shahid Beheshti—as well as experienced metaverse users active on platforms such as Decentraland. Data were collected through snowball sampling and 23 semi‑structured interviews, conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved. The analysis resulted in 244 initial codes, 30 organizing themes, and six overarching themes: (1) the impact of green NFTs on customer engagement and loyalty, (2) the role of blockchain in trust-building, (3) the influence of NFT design features on environmental perceptions, (4) the promotion of sustainable behaviors through digital campaigns, (5) implementation challenges, and (6) the role of influencers in advancing green initiatives. The findings indicate that green NFTs enhance emotional engagement and customer loyalty, blockchain technology strengthens trust and transparency, and environmentally conscious NFT design positively shapes sustainability perceptions. Practical implications include integrating NFTs into banking loyalty programs, leveraging blockchain for transparent green claims, developing sustainability-oriented interface designs, launching gamified green marketing campaigns, and adopting AI-based security and risk management systems. These insights offer valuable guidance for banking executives and digital marketers, while also highlighting the need for future research to examine the long-term effectiveness and behavioral impacts of green NFT–based marketing strategies.

Today, one of the big challenges of banks is the greening of actions and, most importantly, maintaining social and security factors as one of their important tasks, which can increase public trust and reduce people's concern about the impact of their activities on the environment, which itself It requires extensive research that some researchers have done more or less. However, less research has considered these important issues from the perspective of the effects of the integrated green management program and internal and external organizational factors. Based on this, the current study investigates the impact of integrated green management programs and internal and external organizational factors on green banking and social and security factors. The current research method is a practical and descriptive survey. The statistical population, including 400 experts on the banking system, were selected as a sample using a stratified random method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The results of structural equation modelling using Smart PLS software showed that the integrated green management program significantly affects internal organizational factors. Also, the integrated green management program significantly impacts external organizations. In addition, internal organizational factors have a significant impact on social and security green banking. On the other hand, extra-organizational factors have a significant effect on green banking, as well as social and security factors.

Green financing is one of the new financial paradigms for combining environmental support and financial-economic benefits. Accordingly, the present study seeks to develop a green financing model for companies through the Iranian banking industry based on the data theory of the foundation. The statistical population includes 16 experts in banking and environment and faculty members of universities who were selected as participants in the study. The data collection method was field and the data collection tool was interview and a semi-structured interview based on exploratory study was used. Data analysis in this method was performed using open coding system (category identification), axial coding (category cultivation) and selective or selective coding (final category selection). The results showed that strategies for removing barriers and formulating transparent and stable laws, equipping banks' financial (environmental) resources, accurate and practical targeting of banks, agile executive organization and implementation of an integrated control and supervision system lead to a mental image based on importance. The process of green financing of companies is done through banks and also the differentiation of this process with other aspects of financing, which can be the basis of analysis.

A B S T R A C T Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. “green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green city is one of the sustainable development approaches that reduce the environmental footprint of cities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the situation of Mashhad metropolis in terms of the objective characteristics of the green city. In this study, 14 indicators of electricity consumption per capita, green space per capita, population density, water availability, sewage availability, superior public transportation network, urban mass transportation, traffic reduction, annual production waste per capita, carbon monoxide, concentration nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide concentration, particulate matter concentration, and air quality were exerted. To determine the importance of research indicators, the Shannon entropy method, and the status of Mashhad city areas in terms of green city indicators, the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method has been applied. The results showed that most areas of Mashhad are average and below average in terms of green city characteristics, and only District 9 is in very good condition (0.636). Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green city Extended Abstract Introduction Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. A “Green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green cities constantly try to manage their environmental effects by reducing waste, increasing recycling, reducing air pollution, increasing population density, developing open urban spaces, and encouraging the development of sustainable local businesses. Green cities were first used to evaluate 30 European cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in 2009 with the financial support of Siemens and the aim of reducing the environmental effects of human activities in cities. In that study, eight indices of carbon dioxide, energy, construction, transportation, water, recycling and land use, air quality, and environmental governance were used. Later, the Economist Intelligence Unit, with the financial support of Siemens, evaluated the status of the green city index in 17 Latin American cities, 15 African cities, 22 major Asian cities, and 27 cities in United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. In recent years, even some Western Islamic scholars have, in various publications, shown that Islam is an ecological religion. In Iran, the issue of protecting the environment has not received much attention regardless of its rich cultural and religious background and its confirmation in Article 50 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Mashhad is the second metropolis of Iran, located in North-East of Iran, and is one of the counties of Khorasan Razavi Province. According to the 2016 Iranian Population and Housing Census, its population was 3057679 people (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality). In Mashhad, due to several reasons including the presence of Imam Reza Shrine (PBUH) and arrival of millions of pilgrims per year, population growth, increased garbage production (production of 896534 tons of garbage in 2016 (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality), air pollution (increased number of unhealthy days from 46 days per year in 2015 to 88 days in 2016 for sensitive groups and 4 days of unhealthy air for all groups in 2016 (Center for Monitoring Environmental Pollutants of Mashhad Municipality) the 2025 vision of the city has paid attention to the environment in the form of five general objectives; however, just like the national level, no specific pattern for environmentally-compatible urban development, such as green city, is determined. Analysis of the green city index in Mashhad metropolis can considerably contribute to urban managers and planners in addition to providing a pattern for evaluating the present situation in other cities of Iran and improving the quality of life regardless of the current status of the urban environment in Iranian cities; we can preserve these environments as parts of the natural environment for future generations.   Methodology In terms of its goal, the present study is an applied one; in the study, drawing upon other studies and library sources and considering the conditions of Iran and the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city, 14 quantitative indices were exerted. To this end, the required data for the quantitative indices was gathered by library research from the relevant institutions. Next, the weights of quantitative indices were determined using Shannon's entropy. Then, using the VIKOR method of multi-criteria decision-making, the status of various districts of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of quantitative indices of green city was determined. Finally, the map of the spatial distribution of quantitative indices was drawn using the ARC GIS software package.   Results and discussion In this study, to analyze the status of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city features, 14 quantitative indices were used. Considering the value of the VIKOR index ranges from 0 to 1, various districts of Mashhad can be classified into five categories; very satisfactory, satisfactory, average, unsatisfactory, and very unsatisfactory in terms of quantitative indices of green city. The results of the current situation of Mashhad showed that in terms of objective indicators of the green city, District 9 of Mashhad metropolis with a value of VIKOR index of 0.056 is in first place, and the seventh region with a value of VIKOR index of 0.433 is in second place. Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green city.   Conclusion Similarly, the results of studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) on Tehran metropolis are indicative of the unsatisfactory situation of Tehran (the biggest metropolis of Iran) in terms of green city features. Comparing the results of the studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) with the present study on Mashhad (the second biggest metropolis of Iran) reveals the necessity for a comprehensive plan toward achieving green cities. It should be mentioned that, due to the specific conditions of Mashhad metropolis and availability or unavailability of the required data, the indices used in the present study are somewhat different from the ones used by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017).   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.     Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific

By promoting a sustainable environment and investing in social responsibility, the banking industry can provide sustainable development and benefit from it. The purpose of this study is to provide a green banking model based on innovation management to gain sustainable competitive advantage in this industry. In this research, based on the effective components of the Green Banking Model (Hajjaran et al., 1397), a green banking model was presented and six standard questionnaires were used to assess the fit of the model and confirm the five-dimensional hypothesis of the research. Using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System. The analyzes were performed on the data obtained from 310 questionnaires by a random sample from senior managers, middle managers and employees of the innovation, information technology sector of the selected banking industry. After implementing the model, the results show that increasing the component of innovation management will increase the amount of sustainable competitive advantage. Increasing the variable of innovation management as well as increasing green banking has increased the competitive advantage of sustainability. Also, increasing the green bank rules and regulations by increasing the green bank variable has increased the competitive advantage of the bank. Increasing the amount of Green Bank component and mediating senior management's environmental concerns maximizes sustainable competitive advantage and increasing innovation management and increasing environmental concerns of senior management will increase the sustainable competitive advantage.